BREEDING BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF HAMMOND'S AND WESTERN FLYCATCHERS IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA

Abstract

The Hammond's (Empidonax hammondii) and Western (E. difficilis) flycatchers are sympatric within portions of their breeding ranges in northwestern California. Westerns are common in a variety of habitats (Bent 1942:247, Johnson 1980:11–23); Hammond's are more abundant at higher elevations (Bent 1942:226, Johnson 1963:140–143).